When DirectAccess is deployed using the Getting Started Wizard (GSW), sometimes referred to as the “simplified deployment” method, self-signed certificates are created during the installation and used for the IP-HTTPS IPv6 transition technology, the Network Location Server (NLS), and for RADIUS secret encryption.
Certificate Expiration
These self-signed certificates expire 5 years after they are created, which means many DirectAccess administrators who have used this deployment option will need to renew these certificates at some point in the future. Unfortunately, there’s no published guidance from Microsoft on how to accomplish this. However, the process is simple enough using PowerShell and the New-SelfSignedCertificate cmdlet.
PowerShell Script
Open an elevated PowerShell command window and run the following commands to renew the DirectAccess self-signed certificates.
# // Clone and install IP-HTTPS certificate
$iphttpscert = (Get-ChildItem -Path Cert:\LocalMachine\My\ | Where-Object Thumbprint -eq ((Get-RemoteAccess).SslCertificate | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Thumbprint))
$newcert = New-SelfSignedCertificate -CloneCert $iphttpscert -FriendlyName “DirectAccess-IPHTTPS” | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Thumbprint
$cert = (Get-ChildItem -Path Cert:\LocalMachine\My\ | Where-Object Thumbprint -eq $newcert)
Set-RemoteAccess -SslCertificate $cert -PassThru
# // Clone and install NLS certificate
$nlscert = (Get-ChildItem -Path Cert:\LocalMachine\My\ | Where-Object Thumbprint -eq ((Get-RemoteAccess).NlsCertificate | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Thumbprint))
$newcert = New-SelfSignedCertificate -CloneCert $nlscert -FriendlyName “DirectAccess-NLS” | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Thumbprint
$cert = (Get-ChildItem -Path Cert:\LocalMachine\My\ | Where-Object Thumbprint -eq $newcert)
Set-DANetworkLocationServer -NLSOnDAServer -Certificate $cert
# // Clone RADIUS encryption certificate
$cert = (Get-ChildItem -Path Cert:\LocalMachine\My\ | Where-Object Subject -like “*radius-encrypt*”)
New-SelfSignedCertificate -CloneCert $cert -FriendlyName “Certificate issued by Remote Access for RADIUS shared secrets”
Script on GitHub
I’ve also published this script on GitHub. You can download Renew-DaSelfSignedCertificates.ps1 here.
Important Considerations
When the IP-HTTPS and NLS scripts above are executed, DirectAccess clients outside will be immediately disconnected and will be unable to reconnect until they update group policy (the RADIUS encryption certificate can be updated without impacting users). This will require connecting to the internal network locally or remotely using another VPN solution. In addition, internal clients that are not online when this change is made will be unable to access internal resources by name until they update group policy. If this happens, delete the Name Resolution Policy Table (NRPT) on the client using the following PowerShell command and reboot to restore connectivity.
Get-Item -Path “HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows NT\DNSClient\DnsPolicyConfig” | Remove-Item -Confirm:$false
Additional Information
PowerShell Recommended Reading for DirectAccess Administrators
Top 5 DirectAccess Troubleshooting PowerShell Commands
PowerShell is an essential tool for Windows administrators for configuration, task automation, monitoring, reporting, and problem resolution. When troubleshooting DirectAccess connectivity using the IP-HTTPS IPv6 transition technology, the 
Unlike DirectAccess, Always On VPN connections are provisioned to the user, not the machine. Beginning with Windows 10 release 1709 Microsoft introduced the device tunnel option to provide feature parity with DirectAccess. The device tunnel provides pre-logon network connectivity to support important deployment scenarios such as logging on without cached credentials and unattended remote systems management.
With DirectAccess 
Windows 10 Always On VPN is the replacement for Microsoft’s popular DirectAccess remote access solution. It provides the same seamless, transparent, always on remote connectivity as DirectAccess. Where DirectAccess relied heavily on classic on-premises infrastructure such as Active Directory and Group Policy, Always On VPN is infrastructure independent and is designed to be provisioned and managed using a Mobile Device Management (MDM) platform such as Microsoft Intune.
DirectAccess administrators, and network administrators in general, are likely familiar with the terms “split tunneling” and “force tunneling”. They dictate how traffic is handled when a DirectAccess (or VPN) connection is established by a client. Split tunneling routes only traffic destined for the internal network over the DirectAccess connection; all other traffic is routed directly over the Internet. Force tunneling routes all traffic over the DirectAccess connection.
